![]() ![]() In total 544 men were included, of whom 305 received some form of electrical stimulation, and 239 a control or comparator treatment. There was considerable variation in the interventions used, study protocols, types of electrical stimulation parameters and devices, study populations and outcome measures. Six randomized controlled trials (five full papers and one abstract) were included. Data were analysed using Cochrane methods. Disagreements were resolved by discussion, and a third review author was involved in the case of no consensus. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for determining bias. Two review authors independently assessed all the identified trials for eligibility. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. We also searched other electronic and non-electronic bibliographic databases and the reference lists of the included studies as well as contacting researchers in the field to identify other relevant trials. We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register, which contains trials identified from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, and handsearching of journals and conference proceedings (searched 21 January 2012). Finally, the effectiveness of one method of electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices was compared with another method. Additionally, the effectiveness of electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices in combination with another intervention was compared with the other intervention alone. ![]() To determine the effectiveness of electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for men with stress, urgency or mixed urinary incontinence in comparison with no treatment, placebo treatment, or any other 'single' treatment. The current review focused on electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for the treatment of urinary incontinence in men. Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices is used for patients with different types of urinary incontinence and symptoms of urgency, frequency and nocturia. ![]()
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